If the operating system is not current, the dialog box contains a message indicating that a new version of the operating system is available. If the operating system is current, the Check for Handheld OS Update dialog box opens indicating that the operating system on the handheld is up to date. Select Help > Check for Handheld OS Update. In the Connected Handhelds pane, select a connected handheld. Projects Wiki Security Insights Releases Tags Vogtinator r2019 91b3a60 Compare Ndless r2019, improvements for classic calcs Latest Changes since r2018: Allow larger programs to load on models with limited RAM (Classic, CM-C) Fix guigc syscalls on OS 3.9. Latest version fixes a stack corruption glitch that was causing crashes with new versions. Includes Ndless file association support. In the Documents Workspace, click to open Content Explorer. gbc4nspire v0.92 (Game Boy Color emulator) gbc4nspire is a Game Boy and Game Boy Color emulator for the TI-Nspire, TI-Nspire CAS, TI-Nspire CX, and TI-Nspire CX CAS written from scratch in ARM assembly. Open the TI-Nspire™ software and ensure the handheld is connected to your computer. When using TI-Nspire™ software, you can quickly determine if your handheld OS is up to date when the handheld is connected to a computer. Is there any way for me to update it to a newer version, that isnt the newest version I woul. However if I updated it using the official website I would get Version 5.1. You will need an Internet connection and the appropriate USB cable to download the updates. Hello, I have a TI-Nspire CX CAS Version 4.3.0.702 and I would like to update to 4.4 or 4.5 because I want to install ndless. You can download an OS upgrade from the Texas Instruments website to a computer, and use a USB cable to install the OS on your TI-Nspire™ CX II handheld. Press Save to save the emulation, wait until show the message “ Flash and snapshot saved” at the bottom.For up-to-date information about available OS upgrades, check the Texas Instruments website at education.ti.com. After emulation started and setting the language and font.Press “I” on keypad for installation process.You can also press the outer edges to move right, left, up, and down. Use the TI-Nspire Touchpad as you would a laptop touchpad. After give the kit Name, ex:TI-Nspire CX CAS and select the Boot1, Flash images and Snapshot file. 2 Getting Started with the TI-Nspire CX Handheld TI-Nspire CX Handheld Keys d Removes menus or dialog boxes from the screen.Swipe the keypad to the left (press on space between buttons) to show the configuration panel and select the boot1 and flash images you uploaded. The easiest way to do so is with iTunes’ file sharing. In any case, you’ll have to transfer the required files (boot1 and flash) from your computer. if it is not, or if you want to self-compile it, just follow the iOS build instructions, which will result in installing the app anyway. ipa file and install it with your preferred method. if your device is jailbroken, you can just download the. Start with a version of the OS which is compatible with ndless and nlaunchy. To install the CX CAS OS on a non-CAS CX model, you need: A sufficiently old version of the base bootloader firmware. In portrait orientation, swipe the keypad to the left (press on space between buttons) to show the configuration panel and select the boot1 and flash images you uploaded. Current firmware updates hobble the calculator to only TI approved programs. You can install OS updates on connected handhelds from the Content Workspace at any time. education.ti.com/latest to download the latest OS files. Extract, install and run firebird for Android or iOS. The OS on a new handheld comes bundled with the installer, which places the OS in a default location such as: C:\mydocuments\TINspire\downloads.How to Emulate TI-Nspire CX CAS Touchpad on Android iOS with Firebird
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No split 1/2 x wide face 3/4 x wide face 1 x wide face 1-1/2 x wide face or more When length of split on wide face does not exceed When length of split on wide face does not exceed: When specific lengths of splits are known and any increase in them is not anticipated, the following adjustments may be applied: Horizontal shear values for 3″ and thicker lumber also are established as if a piece were split full length. Base Design Values for Use in the USA for Visually Graded (WCLIB, WWPA) Western Red Cedar 2-4″ Thick x 2″ and Widerīase values in pounds per square inch (psi) – Use with Adjustment Factors (see Tables 5 to 9)įor convenience, the table below may be used to determine horizontal shear values for any grade of 2″ thick lumber in any species when the length of split or check is known: Grades and sizes of Canadian dimension lumber are identical to those in use throughout the United States and conform to the requirements of applicable American Standards. The base design values apply to Western Red Cedar manufactured by members of the Western Red Cedar Lumber Association and graded to National Lumber Grading Authority (NLGA), West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB) or Western Wood Products Association (WWPA) rules. To determine the value for a given size, the designer selects a base value for a given grade then multiplies the base value by a size factor from Table 5. These values are for use in the United States only. For Stud grade, the base strength values are published on a 2×6 basis. For Construction Standard and Utility grades, the base strength values are published on a 2×4 basis (the size factor is always 1.0). For Select Structural, No.1, No.2 and No.3 grades, the base strength values are published on a 2×12 basis. Base values are provided for a base size that depends on the grade. Since different sizes of visually-graded lumber have different values, the design values shown in Table 4 are tabulated in a base value approach. dead loadĭeflection – Limited in span in inches divided by 240 for live load onlyīase Design Values For United States Only RAFTER SPANS IN FOOT-INCH 30# SNOW LOAD 10# DEAD LOAD L/240ĭESIGN CRITERIA: Strength – 30 lbs. Load Deflection Limit of Span/360, Load Duration Factor of 1.00.No.2 grade of structural dimension lumber and structural timber, reference WWPA Western Lumber Grading Rules 2021 Sections 42.12, 62.12, 70.12, and 80.12.Western Cedars is a species group of any combination of Incense, Western Red, Alaska and Port Orford Cedar.Load in Pounds per Lineal Foot of Total Load (Live + Dead Loads).Sizes of rough and dressed Western Red Cedar are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Syy= Iyy /c = db2/6 = section modulus about the Y-Y axis (in.3) Sxx= Ixx /c = bd2/6 = section modulus about the X-X axis (in.3) Ryy= Square root of (Iyy/A) = b/Square root of 12 = radius of gyration about the Y-Y axis (in.) Rxx= Square root of (Ixx/A) = d/Square root of 12 = radius of gyration about the X-X axis (in.) Iyy= db3/12 = moment of inertia about the Y-Y axis (in.4) Ixx= bd3/12 = moment of inertia about the X-X axis (in.4) Y-Y= Neutral axis for flatwise bending (load applied to narrow face)ī= breadth of rectangular bending member(in.)ĭ= depth of rectangular bending member (in.)Ĭ= distance from neutral axis to extreme fiber of cross section (in.) X-X= neutral axis for edgewise bending (load applied to narrow face) The following symbols and formulas apply to rectangular beam cross sections: Section Modulus (S) is the moment of inertia divided by the distance from the neutral axis to the extreme fiber of the section.Ĭross Section is a section taken through the member perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. Moment of Inertia (I) of the cross section of beam is the sum of Table the products of each of its elementary areas multiplied by the square of their distance from the neutral axis of the section. Neutral axis, in the cross section of a beam, is the line in which there is neither tension nor compression stress. For convenience, the following are formulas to calculate the section properties of rectangular beam cross sections. Section properties are used in various design calculations. To adjust the order of the sources, click on a source and then click the up and down arrows below the list to move that source higher or lower. A source lower on the list will appear behind any source higher on the list. The order of the sources in the list determines which ones appear in front of or behind the others. You can adjust the size and position of the game capture in the same way as the images. The remaining options can be left as default. Then next to "Window," select the game you want to capture (the game must be running). In the properties window, select "Capture specific window" from the mode selection. For an animated starting soon screen on Twitch, use a free online tool like Canva: 1. In the first dialogue box, give the new source a name such as the name of the game you want to capture. To create a starting soon screen for Twitch for free, follow these steps: 1. Again, click the "+" icon below the sources list, but now click "Game Capture" instead. Make sure the game you want to capture is running. Repeat steps two and three to add another image source and select an image containing text with a transparent background. Download this Intermission Screen Or Gaming Overlay, Intermission, Gaming, Overlay PNG clipart image with transparent background for free. Click and drag the red squares along the image outline to resize it. With the new image source selected, you can click and drag the image in the preview to move it. Once you've selected your image, click OK. You can use both static image files such as png or jpg, as well as animated gifs. Leave the box next to "Make source visible" checked and click OK.Ĭlick "Browse" and then select the image you want to use. Select "Create New" in the dialogue box and give the source a name. With your new scene selected in the scenes list, click the "+" icon under the sources list and then click "Image" in the drop-down to create a new image source. Enter a name for the new scene in the dialogue box that appears and then click OK. This step-by-step guide will walk you through creating a "Be Right Back" scene in OBS with multiple layers.įrom the main OBS window, click the "+" icon below the scenes list. And why stop at circles With a simple sleight of hand, these. Marker Pen is bold and eye-catching, and the Spooky style is perfect for anything Halloween-themed or just when you want to add a touch of mystery.įeel free to explore and pick what suits you best - just click on the style name to jump to the section with its printables. easy as pie, this alphabet still allows you to tie color into your letter. The Rounded style is great for a soft, friendly feel, while the Comic style can bring some fun energy to your project. Adding Volume And 3D Effect To The Letters 3. Ready to choose your style? We've got four fantastic options for you to consider: Rounded, Comic, Marker Pen, and Spooky. How to Write Happy Birthday In Bubble Balloon Letters Drawing Lesson ZOOSHii zooshii 75.3K subscribers Subscribe Subscribed 1.9K Share 282K views 6 years ago howtowritehappybirthday. Birthday Presents 144 Face Puzzles, 213 Faces, 273 Fall Bracelet, 466 Fall Is. Create educational games or activities for children to make learning fun. Easy Easel Painting, 28 Easy Pictures, 322 Easy Rollers, 537 Easy.To design eye-catching wall art or DIY home decor.easy enough to find, but it takes all my inner strength to open it and pull. For unique, handmade greeting cards or invitations. A good night's sleep has rejuvenated me and I've woken up.In scrapbooking to highlight special memories or quotes. happy birthday little lady Flowers for eyes and patterned-paper circles for spots create a fun e ect on this pieced ladybug.Use them to make patterns for craft and quilting.Print & color them to make personalized banners or signs for parties and celebrations.Here are a few ideas to get your creative juices flowing: So, what can you do with these bubble letters? Well, we're glad you asked! There are countless ways to incorporate them into your crafty endeavors. Analyzing data- Thanks to its tools and pivot tables, Excel is a perfect ally for analyzing a large volume of data quickly and simply.Organizing data- Excel allows you to organize large amounts of data in rows and columns, making it easier to have an overview of them.What is Microsoft Excel used for?Įxcel is an indispensable tool for a wide range of tasks, including: Its clear interface of rows and columns has become an essential tool for efficient data analysis and presentation. Over the years, Excel has gained the trust of millions of users worldwide, becoming the reference software for organizing, managing, and analyzing data. What is Microsoft Excel?Įxcel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft and included in the Office productivity suite or the Microsoft 365 subscription service. Despite the existence of powerful free alternatives like Google Sheets or Zoho Sheet, downloading Excel remains the first choice for anyone looking for a quick and easy way to structure their data. Thanks to its intuitive cell-based interface and its comprehensive selection of tools for performing mathematical and statistical calculations, this superb software is considered essential in work and educational environments. Developed by Microsoft, Excel is available as a standalone program within the Office productivity suite or as part of the subscription service in the cloud, Microsoft 365. Microsoft Excel is the leading spreadsheet program in the market, providing all the necessary tools to organize, manipulate, and manage all kinds of data. Unleash your potential as we unveil the prowess of Excel and discover how it can elevate your productivity to unprecedented heights. Joe Wainer Updated 3 months ago Microsoft Excel: The leading spreadsheet and data management programĮmbark on a journey into the dynamic realm of Microsoft Excel – a digital toolkit synonymous with efficiency and precision in the professional arena. Plan your night of nonstop laughs now because there are only 253 tickets left for this show. Jeff Dunham tickets to this show range between $84.00 - $827.00 a ticket. Secure your spot in the audience to watch this hilarious comic live at the Abbotsford Centre at 33800 King Road, Abbotsford, BC. Jeff Dunham's next live event is happening on February 7th, 2024 at 7:00pm. In 2024, Jeff Dunham is performing 32 comedy shows around the country. His past tours the Passively Aggressive Tour and the Perfectly Unbalanced Tour had over 60 dates, so you are sure to find the comic superstar playing close to your city. This detailed calendar breaks down each of Jeff Dunham’s tour dates, so you know exactly when he’s playing at Schottenstein Center or EJ Nutter Center. That’s where our Jeff Dunham show schedule comes into play. Dunham has spent close to 30-years touring non-stop. Jeff Dunham Tour Dates & Show ScheduleĪs one of today’s top stand-up comedians, it can be difficult to keep up on where he’s playing next. A ticket to Jeff Dunham next comedy show in Abbotsford, BC, will cost you between $84.00 - $827.00. Typically, the most you can expect to pay to attend their live shows is $3333.00 a ticket. Many of the comedian’s live shows have cheap Jeff Dunham tickets starting at $54.00 a ticket. Score these prices by completing your order today.įor Jeff Dunham's upcoming stand-up comedy shows, the average price you’ll pay for a ticket is $225.75. Fans wanting to have an up-close view of the stage can get a front-row seat at the Reno Events Center for about $224 a seat. Upper-level seats at Broadmoor World Arena start at $89. If you are sticking to a budget, look at the cheap Jeff Dunham tickets for seats in the top levels of the venue. You can enjoy the show in the comfort of a luxury box seat at the Berglund Center for $98. A Jeff Dunham comedy ticket prices start around $77 per ticket for his live shows at the Maverik Center and United Wireless Arena. Each show ticket is calculated based on the venue’s capacity, seat location and ticket inventory. Jeff Dunham ticket prices are posted for a range of various prices. Witness his talent live by grabbing a pair of Jeff Dunham tickets today. Fans can even see his popular monthly Las Vegas residency show at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace. His success has continued to grow through his recent Netflix specials, Relative Disaster and Beside Himself. Today, Jeff Dunham has been ranked as one of the highest-paid comedians in the industry behind other comedy heavyweights Chris Rock and Jerry Seinfeld. He became notable for his stand-up comedy routines featuring his cast of puppets, Walter, Peanut, Achmed, Jose Jalapeno and more. Dunham gained commercial success through his popular Comedy Central specials, Arguing with Myself and Spark of Insanity. Dunham first broke into comedy through years of extensive touring and appearances on The Tonight Show. This iconic comedian is credited with reviving the art of ventriloquism and helped pave the way for similar comedians like Terry Fator. Laugh along to the world’s best ventriloquist comedian with Jeff Dunham tickets. (A beam getting wider from left to right shows acceleration.) The longest value possible to show being the eighth note (quaver). These secondary beams suggest a gradual acceleration or deceleration from the first note value within the feathered beam to the last. It is shown with a primary straight beam and other diagonal secondary beams (that together resemble a feather, hence the name). The direction of beams usually follows the general direction of the notes it groups, slanting down if the notes go down, slanting up if the notes go up, and level if the first and last notes are the same.įeathered beaming Feathered beamsįeathered beaming shows a gradual change in the speed of notes. The average pitch of the notes is used to determine the direction – if the average pitch is below the middle staff-line, the stems and beams usually go above the notehead, otherwise they go below. Notes joined by a beam usually have all the stems pointing in the same direction (up or down). Positioning Midway beams, though exceptional, can help prevent crowded staves, thus the top staff may be preferable to the bottom two options In modern practice it is more common to use standard beaming rules, while indicating multi-note syllables with slurs. In vocal music, beams were traditionally used only to connect notes sung to the same syllable. In modern practice, beams may span across rests in order to make rhythmic groups clearer. A single eighth note, or any faster note, is always stemmed with flags, while two or more are typically beamed in groups. Therefore, beams do not usually cross bar lines or major subdivisions of bars. A primary beam connects a note group unbroken, while a secondary beam is interrupted or partially broken.īeam spans indicate rhythmic groupings, usually determined by the time signature. Beaming refers to the conventions and use of beams. The number of beams is equal to the number of flags that would be present on an unbeamed note. Only eighth notes (quavers) or shorter can be beamed. In musical notation, a beam is a horizontal or diagonal line used to connect multiple consecutive notes (and occasionally rests) to indicate rhythmic grouping. Repeat it several times, changing the dynamic, the articulation, maybe even the texture.Thick line used to connect notes in musical notation A quaver, a dotted quaver, and a semiquaver, all joined with a primary beam (the semiquaver has a secondary beam) At the pianoįind a short piece that you know well (perhaps 16 bars long). It means that you should repeat the passage indefinitely while you wait for a cue from the stage or from the conductor. This is common in music written for the theatre. You may occasionally see the instruction “vamp till ready” or “repeat ad lib”. It is used a lot in pop, jazz and stage music. This symbol means that you should repeat the previous bar. This sign will be printed alongside the al coda instruction and will also be printed at the start of the coda. Al coda means that you should go to the coda (ending). Fine means that you have now reached the end of the piece. There will then follow an instruction fine or al coda. It means that you should repeat from the sign. The instruction DS is an abbreviation of Dal Segno. It means that you should repeat from the beginning of the piece until there is a further written instruction. The instruction DC is an abbreviation of Da Capo. We tend to call them this even if the passages are several bars long. These are known as first-time bars and second-time bars. Sometimes the first repeat mark is omitted in this case, repeat from the start of the piece.Ī repeated section of music may end with bracketed passages that are labelled as 1. The section of music that is printed between the two repeat marks should be repeated. The two symbols below are known as repeat marks. At the end of a piece you will find a final bar line. An anacrusis can be longer or shorter than the upbeat.Īt the end of a section of music, you may find a double bar line. If there is a fragment of melody before the first bar line, it is known as an anacrusis. These terms refer to conductors’ gestures. The last beat of each bar is known as the upbeat. The first beat of each bar is usually played slightly more loudly than the subsequent beats and is called the downbeat. Each of these bars is separated by a bar line. Music is divided into bars which usually comprise two, three or four beats. Available for Windows and Macintosh OSX.WYSIWYG Interface - What you see is what you cut.Includes over 200 built in shapes, with many more available through the eshape store.Several effects including 3D Rotate, Drop Shadow, Knockout, Puzzle Generator, Symmetrical Mirror, Wave & more.Select styles, including Shadow & Blackout, to change the look of your letters and shapes with just a few clicks.Auto tracing features to automatically convert images for cutting.Import embroidery file formats, including PES, PEC, HUS, JEF, SEW, VIP.Import various file formats, including SVG, PDF, EPS, AI, WPC, DXF, PLT.Works with your installed TrueType and OpenType fonts, as well as thousands of free fonts available on the Internet.Weeding options to easily add weeding boxes and lines. Extended cutting length to cut longer than 72 inches.We also offer a separate exclusive version ( eCAL) that works with the Sizzix eclips™. You can only use Sure Cuts A Lot to create your design and then export as a compatible file format to use in Cricut Design Space or a USB drive for the Brother ScanNCut. * Sure Cuts a Lot cannot directly cut with the Cricut Explore/Maker or Brother ScanNCut. If you previously purchased Sure Cuts A Lot 2, you can use Sure Cuts A Lot 6 to make your designs and then send it to Sure Cuts A Lot 2 for cutting with your Cricut Personal/Expression/Create/Cake machine. USCutter Copam/LaserPoint/MH/PCUT/SC/TC/TITAN.Cricut Explore/Maker (export as SVG to upload into Design Space only) *.Brother ScanNCut (export as FCM compatible files only) *.Sure Cuts A Lot 6 supports a variety of electronic cutting machines: Tablet apps also available on the Apple App Store & Google Play Store. With "Sure Cuts A Lot PRO" you can cut your TrueType fonts, custom shapes and even draw your own shapes directly in "Sure Cuts A Lot", giving you endless possibilities! Macintosh OSX 10.13 - 14.x (Mac) (If you are running OSX 10.6-10."Sure Cuts A Lot PRO" is an easy to use software, which allows you to cut virtually any shape with various electronic cutting machines. Intel or Apple Silicon based Macintosh (Mac) Pentium processor-based PC or compatible computer (Windows) Additional Print & Cut support for other supported models are in the Pro version. Print & Cut for supported Craft machine models. Save your design layouts, so you can save and share your designs.Interface can be set to English,Chinese,Dutch,French,German,Italian,Portuguese,Spanish.Includes over 200 built in shapes, with many more available through the Cutters Market.Create and cut projects up to 72 inches in length.Create rhinestone templates & Lattice shapes.Auto tracing feature to automatically convert images (including jpg, bmp, gif, png) for cutting.Select styles, including Shadow and Blackout, to change the look of your letters and shapes with just a few clicks.Weld overlapping letters and shapes together.Import various file formats, including SVG, PDF, EPS, AI, WPC, PES,PEC,HUS,JEF,SEW,VIP ( PRO Version can also import PLT, DXF).Works with thousands of free TrueType Fonts including Dingbat/Wingding Fonts.Works with your installed TrueType and OpenType fonts.* Sure Cuts a Lot cannot directly cut with the Cricut Air/Explore/Joy/Maker or Brother ScanNCut. If you previously purchased Sure Cuts A Lot 2, you can use Sure Cuts A Lot 6 to make your designs and then send it to Sure Cuts A Lot 2 for cutting with your Cricut Pesonal/Expression/Create/Cake. We also offer a separate exclusive version ( eCAL) that works with the Sizzix eclips™
The fetal head flexes as it accommodates to the curvature of the sacrum. The third cardinal movement is flexion of the fetal head. Likewise, in a minority of pregnant women, the fetal head may also be engaged prior to labor. At any fetal station with a negative value, the fetal head is said to be floating, but once it reaches zero station, the fetal head is said to be engaged.īefore we move on, it’s important to note that in many pregnant women, the fetal head has descended through the pelvic inlet in the days or weeks prior to the onset of labor. Engagement occurs when the fetal head has reached the ischial spines at zero station. The second cardinal movement is engagement. Although technically, the fetus is descending the entire time it is moving through the birth canal, Descent, as a cardinal movement, is usually defined as the point at which the fetal head moves into the pelvis through the pelvic inlet at -5 station and descends toward the ischial spines. The first of the cardinal movements is descent. Let’s see how the cardinal movements assist the fetus in accomplishing this task. In addition to the narrowing of the pelvis at the ischial spines, the curvature of the birth canal makes successful movement of the fetus through it a difficult proposition. Pelvic CurvatureĪnother key aspect of birth canal anatomy is the fact that a path traced from the inlet to the outlet has a significant curvature. Whereas +5, at the pelvic outlet, is considered to be approximately 5 centimeters below the level of the ischial spines at zero station. For example, the -3 station is considered to be approximately 3 centimeters above the level of the ischial spines at zero station. Each of these fetal station values represents the number of centimeters above or below the level of the ischial spines. In between, -5, 0, and +5, fetal stations are assigned sequential values as shown here. The ischial spines are assigned a fetal station value of zero. The significance of the ischial spines is that they represent the narrowest part of the birth canal, and therefore, the most difficult portion of the canal for the fetal head and shoulders to traverse. Rotating to a view from above the pelvis gives us an even better look. Let’s switch to a frontal view to clarify their anatomical position. The ischial spines are difficult to depict on a cross-sectional side view. Located approximately halfway between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet are the ischial spines of the maternal pelvis. There are some variations, but the most commonly used fetal station system today assigns a value of -5 to the pelvic inlet and a value of +5 to the pelvic outlet. In order to chart the position of the fetus as it moves through the birth canal, a system of fetal stations was devised many years ago and is still in use today. The orientation of the long axis of the pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet will come into play when we examine the cardinal movements later in the presentation. The long axis goes from the front to the back, the pelvic outlet is deeper than it is wide. In other words, the pelvic inlet is wider than it is deep.Ĭhanging our view to the bottom of the pelvis, we can see that the situation for the pelvic outlet is the opposite of that of the inlet. The long axis of the pelvic inlet goes from left to right. Viewing the pelvis from above, the yellow line highlights the outer border of the pelvic inlet. In relation to how the cardinal movements facilitate passage of the fetus through the birth canal, it is important to note one key anatomical difference between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet. The fetus enters the birth canal at the pelvic inlet and exits through the pelvic outlet. The pelvic outlet is described by a line going from the bottom of the pubic bone to the tip of the sacrum. The pelvic inlet is described by a line going from the top of the pubic bone to the top of the sacrum. While the lowest part of the mother’s spine, the sacrum makes up the back (posterior) wall. Viewing the fetus and the maternal pelvis in a cross-sectional view from the mother’s right side, the front (also known as the anterior) border of the birth canal is provided by the mother’s pubic bone. To better understand the significance of the cardinal movements, let’s do a brief review of maternal pelvic anatomy. The cardinal movements in labor are so named because they are considered essential to successful navigation by the fetus of the maternal birth canal. Cal Shipley with a review of the seven cardinal movements in labor. With Google Maps Navigation (Beta), you’ll also see the benefits of additional caching with offline rerouting. We’re continuing to work on these algorithms, so you’ll see improvements over time. Further away, you’ll have less detail but will typically have towns and highways labeled for miles. Near your frequent places, you’ll get detailed vector tiles for city-sized regions so you can see every road labeled. Then when you’re plugged in and connected over WiFi, caching happens automatically. With this first version, Maps proactively caches map data for the places you use Maps the most-where you’re actively using it as well as places for which you search or get directions. Because each vector tile works across multiple zoom levels, it requires more than 100 times less data to view maps across all zoom levels than before, allowing Maps to cache much larger areas of the map on your device. Vector graphics also enable another significant new feature: the ability to continue viewing maps even when you have poor-or no-network connections. Previously, map features like labels and traffic could conflict (left) instead of blend seamlessly (right). You’ll notice labels fade in and out as you interact with the map so that the most useful ones appear and the map never gets too cluttered. Maps also “chooses” the best labels to show you based on several factors. Just like other map features, labels are dynamically drawn so they continue to face you and stay legible if you rotate the rest of the map or use compass mode. And with tilt and rotate, you can see them from a variety of different angles. For example, in the 100+ cities where we have 3D building data, each building is drawn in 3D using a polygonal building footprint and heights for different parts of the building. We can also display entirely new levels of detail that weren’t possible with flat image tiles. Just like with zooming, Maps uses the same vector data to draw the map from any angle or direction as you tilt or rotate. This same technique powers the new 3D map interactions: tilt, rotate and compass mode. So when you zoom, the map stops when your fingers stop, and roads and labels always stay crisp. One vector tile has the underlying vector data (or blueprints) to draw the map at many different levels of scale. With vector graphics, you no longer need to “round” to the nearest zoom level and then download all the tiles for that level. But a combination of modern device hardware and innovative engineering allow us to stream vector tiles efficiently and render them smoothly, while maintaining the speed and readability we require in Google Maps. Google Maps isn’t the first mobile app to use vector graphics-in fact, Google Earth and our Navigation (Beta) feature do already. Because you only need to download the blueprints, the amount of data needed to draw maps from vector tiles is drastically less than when downloading pre-rendered image tiles. You can think of them as the blueprints needed to draw a map, instead of static map images. Maps will download “vector tiles” that describe the underlying geometry of the map. Now, we use vector graphics to dynamically draw the map. It takes more than 360 billion tiles to cover the whole world at 20 zoom levels! Google Maps would download each tile as you needed it and then stitch sets together to form the map you see. Previously, Google Maps downloaded the map as sets of individual 256x256 pixel “image tiles.” Each pre-rendered image tile was downloaded with its own section of map imagery, roads, labels and other features baked right in. So we wanted to give you a closer look under the hood at the technology driving the next generation of mobile maps.īefore diving into how Maps uses vector graphics, it may be helpful to understand how maps were created before. Building a vector graphics engine capable of achieving the visual quality and performance level you expect from Google Maps was a major technical challenge and enables all sorts of future possibilities. In order to create these features, we rebuilt Maps using vector graphics to dynamically draw the map as you use it. Yesterday we introduced Google Maps 5.0 for Android with two significant new features: 3D interaction and offline reliability. |
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